Dodge past the live onstage coding sessions, AI refresher courses, an obstacle course of gizmos, round people walking round with glowing green silent-disco-style headphones blaring UN panel discussions into your ears, and you can take a pause for breath. But you might find yourself in the Networking Zone, on a rotating seating contraption called UFOTECH that looks more like the kind of lazy Susan you’d encounter at a Chinese restaurant than the networking bench it is designed to function as.

This is the AI for Good summit, organized by the United Nations’ International Telecommunication Union (ITU), where representatives from the private and public sectors try to discuss how to harness the technology for the benefit, rather than the detriment, of humanity.

While Silicon Valley execs and AI lab leaders are testifying to lawmakers in Washington about the risks of superintelligence, and the White House slaps export controls on chips, the UN AI for Good Summit—now in its 10th year—is focused on much more idealistic goals.

“Our conviction that artificial intelligence, deployed responsibly, could help solve humanity's most pressing problems—from hunger to disease to a warming planet,” Doreen Bogdan-Martin, secretary-general of the ITU, said in a keynote on the conference’s main stage. “Today, that idea is being tested, including by the challenges AI itself is bringing, even as we strive to use it for good.”

What good means—and what good it does humanity—was a question riven throughout the conference, which spread across a massive 106,000-square-meter convention center on the fringes of Geneva’s airport district. Sessions were backed by a drumbeat of worry that indifferent deployment by unchecked corporate monopolies is already hardwiring global inequality and eroding human rights.

For some on the front lines, the tech industry's utopian veneer has already worn off. Speaking on the sidelines of the event, Giulio Coppi, senior humanitarian officer at campaign group Access Now, called out the humanitarian and public sectors’ overreliance on big tech. “We should be out of the age of innocence,” Coppi says, demanding t...